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Bliss-Leavitt Mark 7 torpedo

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Bliss-Leavitt Mark 7 torpedo
Bliss-Leavitt Mark 7 torpedo outside the torpedo factory on Goat Island, Newport, Rhode Island, August 1913.
TypeAnti-surface ship torpedo[1]
Place of originUnited States
Service history
In service1912–1945[1]
Used byUnited States Navy
WarsWorld War II
Production history
DesignerFrank McDowell Leavitt
Designed1911[1]
ManufacturerE. W. Bliss Company
No. built240[2]
VariantsShort Mark 7 torpedo
Mod A[2]
Mod 2A
Mod 5A
Specifications
Mass1628 pounds[1]
Length204 inches[1]
Diameter17.7 inches (45 centimeters)[1]

Effective firing range3500–6000 yards[1]
WarheadMk 7 Mod 5, TNT or Torpex
Warhead weight326 pounds[1]
Detonation
mechanism
Mk 3 Mod 1 contact exploder[1]

EngineTurbine[1]
Maximum speed 35 knots
Guidance
system
Gyroscope[1]
Launch
platform
Destroyers and submarines[1]

The Bliss-Leavitt Mark 7 torpedo was a Bliss-Leavitt torpedo developed and produced by the E. W. Bliss Company and the Naval Torpedo Station in Newport, Rhode Island in 1911.

History

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The Mark 7 was a major step in the evolution of the modern torpedo.[1] This innovative design featured the use of steam, generated from water sprayed into the combustion pot along with the fuel. The resulting mixture dramatically boosted the efficiency of the torpedo, leading to markedly improved performance.[3] The Mark 7 torpedo was issued to the US Navy fleet in 1912 and remained in service through World War II. This torpedo was also experimented on as an aircraft-launched weapon in the early 1920s.[2] It was used on submarines of the K, L, M, N and O classes. It was also used on seven submarines of the R Class (R-21 through R-27) which were decommissioned in 1924 and 1925.

After 1925, the only class of US Navy submarines armed with 18-inch torpedoes was the O Class. Seven O boats, out of an original 16, were in commission during World War II. During the war, all of the O boats were stationed at the New London Submarine Base and served as training platforms. The service of the Mark 7 torpedo ended when the last O boat was decommissioned in September 1945.

Mark 7 being dropped by a DT-2 torpedo plane during trials in the mid-1920s

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Torpedo History: Bliss-Leavitt Torpedo Mk7". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
  2. ^ a b c "United States of America, Torpedoes Pre-World War II". Retrieved 25 June 2013.
  3. ^ Newpower, Anthony (2006). Iron Men And Tin Fish: The Race to Build a Better Torpedo During World War II. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 19. ISBN 0-275-99032-X.