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Phoebe (plant)

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Phoebe
Phoebe formosana
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Laurales
Family: Lauraceae
Genus: Phoebe
Nees
Species

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Phoebe is a genus of evergreen trees and shrubs belonging to the Laurel family, Lauraceae. There are 75 accepted species in the genus, distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia and New Guinea.[1] 35 species occur in China, of which 27 are endemic.[2] The first description of the genus was of the type species P. lanceolata made in 1836 by Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck in Systema Laurinarum, p. 98.

Description

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Phoebe species are evergreen shrubs or trees with pinnately veined leaves. The flowers are hermaphrodite, white, small and fragrant, and are grouped in branched terminal inflorescences in the form of panicles. The bracts are all of equal length or the outer ones are slightly shorter than the inner ones. The ovary is oval to spherical. The stigma is capitate or bowl-shaped. The fruits are enveloped by the enlarged bracts. Fruits are usually oval to spherical. The fruit is a berry and has only a single seed that is frequently dispersed by birds.

Distribution

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Up to 100 species of Phoebe are currently reported in Asia, with 27 species endemic to China.[2]

Ecology

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The fruits of the genus are fleshy berries.

Species

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75 species are currently accepted:[1]

Formerly placed here

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Phylogeny

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After[4]

clade I  

Mac. robusta

Mac. sp. W14071

Mac. sp. W14068

Pho. minutiflora

Mac. japonica

Mac. decursinervis

Mac. grijsii

Mac. platycarpa

Mac. yunnanensis

Mac. kwangtungensis

Mac. oculodracontis

Mac. duthiei

Mac. gamblei

Mac. oreophila

Mac. leptophylla

Pho. faberi

Mac. salicoides

Mac. pomifera

Mac. salicina

Mac. thunbergii

Mac. breviflora

Mac. pingii

Mac. shweliensis

Mac gongshanensis

Mac. phoenicis

Mac. monticola

Deh. caesia

Deh. hainanensis

Als. sp. W17084

Deh. sp. L20070187

Als. semecarpifolia

Als. huanglianshanensis

Als. gigaphylla

Not. umbelliflora

Deh. sp. A34

Deh. incrassata

clade II  
Persea clade I   

Per. aurata

Per. splendens

Per. major

Per. weberbaueri  

Per. sp. V25232

Per. sp. W19517

Per. alba

Per. sp. W14875

Per. sp. B21834

Per. lingue

Per. caerulea

Per. borbonia

Per. haenkeana

Per. palustris

Per. indica

Per. areolatocostae

Persea clade II   

Per. americana

Per. styermarkii

Apo. barbujana

clade III  
Phoebe clade I  

Pho. formosana

Pho. chekiangensis  

Pho. nanmu

Pho. neurantha

Pho. lanceolata

Pho. sp. L20070260

Pho. zhennan

Pho. macrocarpa

Pho. angustifolia

Phoebe clade II  

Pho. cuneata

Pho. elliptica

Pho. sp. A49

Pho. puwenensis

Pho. hungmaoensis

Pho. megacalyx

Per. nudigemma

Als. rugosa

Als. hainanensis  

Als. sp. W14264

Per. sphaerocarpa

Per. sp. W21874

Als. petiolaris

Als. andersonii

Neo. sericea

Neo. howii

Neo. cambodiana  

Act. cupularis

Act. trichocarpa

Lit. verticillata

Lin. megaphylla

Lit. auriculata

Lin. erythrocarpa

Machias clade
Alseodaphne-Dehaasia clade
Persea clade
Phoebe clade
Alseodaphne-Persea group
Outgroups

Fossil record

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Several fossil cupules, some with fruits inside of †Phoebe bohemica from the early Miocene, have been found at the Kristina Mine at Hrádek nad Nisou in North Bohemia, the Czech Republic.[5]

References

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  1. ^ a b Phoebe Nees. Plants of the World Online, Kew Science. Accessed 29 August 2022.
  2. ^ a b Fa-Nan Wei & Henk van der Werff. "Phoebe". Flora of China. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  3. ^ "Phoebe cooperiana P. C. Kanj. & Das | Species". Indiabiodiversity.org. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  4. ^ Li, Lang; Li, Jie; Rohwer, Jens G.; van der Werff, Henk; Wang, Zhi-Hua; Li, Hsi-Wen (September 2011). "Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Persea group (Lauraceae) and its biogeographic implications on the evolution of tropical and subtropical Amphi-Pacific disjunctions". American Journal of Botany. 98 (9): 1520–1536. doi:10.3732/ajb.1100006. PMID 21860056.
  5. ^ A review of the early Miocene Mastixioid flora of the Kristina Mine at Hrádek nad Nisou in North Bohemia, The Czech Republic, January 2012 by F. Holý, Z. Kvaček and Vasilis Teodoridis - ACTA MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE Series B – Historia Naturalis • vol. 68 • 2012 • no. 3–4 • pp. 53–118
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