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Road signs in the Soviet Union

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A Soviet-era road sign in Lithuania during the Baltic Way in 1989. The names of settlements are written in large font size in Lithuanian (Latin script), and in smaller font size in Russian (Cyrillic script).

Road signs in the Soviet Union were regulated in the ГОСТ 10807-78 standard which was introduced on 1 January 1980.[1][2] This standard also specified the typeface used on road signs. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, this standard continued to apply in all countries that were formerly Soviet republics until some of them adopted their own national standards for road signs. The shapes and colors of road signs in the Soviet Union, and now in all post-Soviet states, fully comply with the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, to which the Soviet Union was originally a signatory. On 8 November 1968, the Soviet Union signed the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, and on 7 June 1974 ratified it with some declarations and reservations made upon ratification.[3][4]

Road signs in the Soviet Union were divided into 7 categories:

  1. Warning signs (Предупреждающие знаки)
  2. Priority signs (Знаки приоритета)
  3. Prohibitory signs (Запрещающие знаки)
  4. Mandatory signs (Предписывающие знаки)
  5. Information signs (Информационно-указательные знаки)
  6. Service signs (Знаки сервиса)
  7. Additional signs (Знаки дополнительной информации (таблички))

Below are images of road signs used in the Soviet Union before its dissolution in 1991. The galleries shown below do not show road signs that were included in the ГОСТ 10807-78 standard after 1991. The vast majority of road signs shown below are still used in post-Soviet states such as Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan but with some modifications in design.

Warning signs

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Priority signs

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Prohibitory signs

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Mandatory signs

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Information signs

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Service signs

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Additional signs

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Post-Soviet states

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After 1991, the ГОСТ 10807-78 standard was replaced by the new ones, i.e., national standards for road signs in each of the post-Soviet states:

  • In Russia, it was replaced by the ГОСТ Р 52290-2004 standard on January 1, 2006.[5][6] The same standard applies to road signs used in Kyrgyzstan since October 2019[7][8] and Armenia[9][10] (with inscriptions in Armenian and English);
  • In Ukraine, it was replaced by the ДСТУ 2586-94 standard in 1994,[11][12] later ДСТУ 4100-2002 on January 1, 2003,[13] ДСТУ 4100-2014 on July 1, 2015,[14] ДСТУ 4100:2021 on November 1, 2021;[15][16]
  • In Belarus, it was replaced by the СТБ 1140-99 on October 1, 2001,[17] later СТБ 1140-2013 on July 1, 2014;[18]
  • In Kazakhstan, it was replaced by the СТ РК 1125-2002 standard on January 1, 2004,[19] later СТ РК 1125-2021 on July 1, 2022;[20]
  • In Uzbekistan, it was replaced by the O'zDST 3283:2017 standard on December 15, 2017.[21]

The ГОСТ 10807-78 Soviet standard is still valid in Azerbaijan[22][23] and Turkmenistan,[24] but with additions.

References

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  1. ^ "Межгосударственный стандарт ГОСТ 10807-78 "Знаки дорожные. Общие технические условия" (утв. постановлением Госстандарта СССР 30.08.1978 N 2401) (с изменениями и дополнениями) (не действует) | ГАРАНТ". base.garant.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 20 March 2023.
  2. ^ "Скачать ГОСТ 10807-78 Знаки дорожные. Общие технические условия". meganorm.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  3. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection". treaties.un.org. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  4. ^ "КОНВЕНЦИЯ О ДОРОЖНОМ ДВИЖЕНИИ от 08.11.1968 Вена | ATI.SU". ati.su (in Russian). Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  5. ^ "Дорожные знаки по ГОСТу Р 52290-2004 (от 14.12.2005)". www.sevdorstroy.ru (in Russian). 14 December 2005. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  6. ^ "ГОСТ Р 52289-2004 Технические средства организации дорожного движения. Правила применения дорожных знаков, разметки, светофоров, дорожных ограждений и направляющих устройств" (PDF). joldo.kg (in Russian).
  7. ^ "Постановление Правительства КР от 7 октября 2019 года № 522 "О внесении изменений в постановление Правительства Кыргызской Республики "Об утверждении Правил дорожного движения и Основных положений по допуску транспортных средств к эксплуатации и обязанностей должностных лиц по обеспечению безопасности дорожного движения" от 4 августа 1999 года № 421"". cbd.minjust.gov.kg (in Russian). Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  8. ^ "Технические средства организации дорожного движения. Знаки дорожные. Общие технические требования". standarts.nism.gov.kg (in Russian). Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  9. ^ "ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՀԱՆՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԿԱՌԱՎԱՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ". www.arlis.am (in Armenian). Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  10. ^ "ԳՕՍՏ Ռ 52290-2004". armstandard.am (in Armenian).
  11. ^ "ДСТУ 2586-94". Словари и энциклопедии на Академике (in Russian and Ukrainian). Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  12. ^ "ГОСТ 10807-78". Словари и энциклопедии на Академике (in Russian and Ukrainian). Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  13. ^ "ДСТУ 4100-2002" (PDF). pdd.com.ua (in Ukrainian).
  14. ^ "ДСТУ 4100:2014 Безпека дорожнього руху. Знаки дорожні. Загальні технічні умови. Правила застосування". online.budstandart.com (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  15. ^ "New Standard of Road Signs". DerzhdorNDI SE. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  16. ^ "ДСТУ 4100:2021 Безпека дорожнього руху" (PDF). zakon.isu.net.ua (in Ukrainian). 14 September 2022.
  17. ^ "СТБ 1140-99. Знаки дорожные. Общие технические условия". rovar.info (in Russian). 30 January 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  18. ^ "СТБ 1140-2013: Технические средства организации дорожного движения. Знаки дорожные. Общие технические условия". standartgost.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  19. ^ "Скачать СТ РК 1125-2002 Знаки дорожные. Общие технические условия". files.stroyinf.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  20. ^ "СТ РК 1125-2021 Технические средства организации дорожного движения. Знаки дорожные. Общие технические требования". vostoktranssignal.kz (in Russian and Kazakh).
  21. ^ "3283:2017-сон 15.12.2017. Знаки дорожные". lex.uz (in Russian). 15 December 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  22. ^ Avtosfer.az (11 May 2020). "Bu işi yol nişanlarından başladıq… - YENİ RUBRİKADAN ÖYRƏNƏK". Avtosfer.az (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  23. ^ Aliyev, Anar (16 March 2019). "Daha çox insanın həyatını qoruya biləcək yeni qanun və qaydalar". İnsan yönümlü şəhərlər (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  24. ^ Atamyradow, H. (2019). Ýol hereketi we howpsuzlygy (in Turkmen). Ashgabat: Türkmen döwlet neşirýat gullugy.

See also

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