depends: boost: update to 1.84.0

[tobtoht]

Context for this PR: https://libera.monerologs.net/monero-dev/20240210#c331216

• Boost 1.84 requires C++17 and uses std::invoke_result
• Android NDK 17B ships libcxx without std::invoke_result support (https://github.com/tobtoht/monero/actions/runs/7862564909/job/21452186051#step:9:11005)
• Updating to NDK 18B required adding a small patch to keep compatibility with CMake 3.10.2 (which is what we have in our Gitian environment).

I'd like to bump the NDK to the latest supported version, but haven't gotten builds to work yet. Draft for now.

Based on #9182.

[vtnerd]

@selsta Should we update the minimum Boost required? The Boost release notes list new libraries with each release. We currently list 1.58 as minimum. Bumping the minimum required allows us to use some newer libraries.

The most interesting libraries are: Boost.Hana (1.61), Boost.Fiber ("green" threads)(1.62), Stacktrace (1.65), Beast (http parsing)(1.66), Boost.Mp11 (1.66), Boost.Outcome (1.70), Boost.Json (1.75), and Boost.Url (1.81).

The Boost versions:

• Ubuntu 20.04 : 1.71 (EOL April 2025)
• Debian 10: 1.67 (EOL June 30 2024)
• Fedora 39: 1.81 (EOL Dec 7 2024)
• Void: 1.83?
• Arch: 1.83
• Gentoo: 1.82

I would recommend Boost 1.66 based on this list (does not include Centos, which is not listed in current documentation).

[selsta]

I think quite a few people still use Ubuntu 18.04 which seems to have boost 1.65, so I'd prefer nothing newer if possible.